IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE FORESKIN.

 

Immunological and Protective Function of the Foreskin.

 

The Protective and Hygienic Function of the Foreskin. 

 

The foreskin, like the eyelid, also serves an important protective and hygienic function.

The foreskin protects the delicate glans of the penis and puts the urethra at a distance form its environment, protecting it from foreign contaminants of all kinds while simultaneously shielding the penis from injury.
It is a double fold of skin which offers two layers of protection.

Natural secretions of oil are achieved by sebaceous glands which are abound in the foreskins inner lining, these are not present in the glans.

They are also present in the eye lid and perform the same function in both places.

They secrete the oils necessary to keep the glans surface soft, moist, smooth, warm, sensitive, and with a healthy glistening red or purple colour.

This moisturizer also maintains PH balance, and optimal cleanliness.

This is required to keep the surface of the glans healthy and clean via the cleaning effects of mucous secretions.

Again, this function is analogous to the eye lid.

The glans are meant to be an internal organ covered and protected from the outside world.

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http://intactipedia.org/index.php?title=Immunological_and_Protective_Function_of_the_Foreskin 

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INTACTIVISTS BIBLE.

Welcome to... INTACTIPEDIA.

 

An academic resource on intact genital anatomy.
 

http://intactipedia.org/index.php?title=Main_Page  

 

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Welcome to... INTACT.NEWS.

 

Your one-stop source for news about genital integrity!

IntactNews is a news-media organization connecting all facets
of the genital integrity movement.
 

Send your thoughts and suggestions to: info@intactnews.org/
 

 

 

http://intactnews.org/
 

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STUDY LINKS CIRCUMCISION TO PERSONALITY DISORDER.

Study Links Circumcision to Personality Trait Disorder.

Researchers find circumcised men have higher alexithymia scores than intact men. Alexithymia is the inability to process emotions.

The International Journal of Men’s Health has published the first study of its kind to look at the link between the early trauma of circumcision and the personality trait disorder alexithymia.

The study, by Dan Bollinger and Robert S. Van Howe, M.D., M.S., FAAP, found that circumcised men are 60% more likely to suffer from alexithymia, the inability to process emotions.

People suffering from alexithymia have difficulty identifying and expressing their emotions. This translates into not being able to empathize with others. Sufferers of severe alexithymia are so removed from their feelings that they view themselves as being robots.

If acquired at an early age, such as from infant circumcision, it might limit access to language and impede the socialization process that begins early in life.

Moderate to high alexithymia can interfere with personal relationships and hinder psychotherapy.
Impulsive behavior is a key symptom of alexithymia, and impulsivity is a precursor to violence.

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 http://intactnews.org/node/131/1316710012/study-links-circumcision-personality-trait-disorder 

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CIRCUMCISION DEATHS.

Circumcision Deaths.

Some babies die of complications of circumcision. There has been a need to assemble information concerning death from complications of circumcision in one convenient location. This page is designed to fill that need.

Deaths occur secondary to loss of blood or systemic infection from the circumcision wound.
A few deaths are reported in the medical literature. Other medical literature discusses the frequency of
those deaths.
A few deaths are reported in the popular press.

There is reason to believe that many deaths from circumcision are attributed to other causes. For example, if a baby were to die of meningitis that was contracted through the circumcision wound, the death may be attributed to meningitis while ignoring the fact that the baby would not have had meningitis if he had not been circumcised.

Circumcision originated before the dawn of history.
There was no knowledge of sanitation or the need for a sterile operating environment.
Jews have traditionally performed circumcision on the eighth day after birth for many thousands of years.

The medical literature was still reporting numerous deaths from ritual circumcision in the early twentieth century.

There must have been vast numbers of babies who died under those
conditions through the centuries. Jewish law allows parents who have
had three sons die from circumcision to leave the fourth son intact.

Doctors are highly motivated to conceal the true cause of circumcision death.

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     http://www.cirp.org/library/death/ 

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FORESKIN - ANATOMY AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONS.

"The Penis and Foreskin"

Preputial Anatomy and Sexual Function.

This directory contains academic articles and discussions about preputial anatomy, dimensions, immunological functions, innervation, vascularity, sexual function, and the effects of circumcision.

The articles are indexed in chronological order of publication.

In extensive reviews of the world medical literature, medical historian Frederick M. Hodges, D. Phil. (Oxon), revealed long forgotten European and American research starting from 1860, confirming that this information is not new, but simply has been forgotten in circumcising countries.

 

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   http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/   

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REBUTTAL TO MEDICAL BENEFITS FROM CIRCUMCISION.

[REBUTTAL TO]... 'MEDICAL BENEFITS FROM CIRCUMCISION.'


[This article, while taking the form of a scientific paper, does not seem to have appeared in any peer-reviewed scientific journal.
The rebuttal below is a partial review - which makes clear the many reasons for that non-appearance. 
Morris produces a vast amount of data, much of it from obscure sources.
The fact that a claim goes unanswered here does not mean it can not be answered.]

This article was originally on the University of Sydney website. Prof. Brian Morris now maintains a site called
"Benefits of Circumcision", www.circinfo.net, that is still hosted by the University
(whois shows: Name Server: PHOENIX.PHYSIOL.USYD.EDU.AU;
Name Server: PLEXUS.PHYSIOL.USYD.EDU.AU)


[Note: The Rebuttal statements are in 'Red' print]

(Part 1 of 2... 2nd page link at end of first page.)
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  http://www.circumstitions.com/Morris.html 

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LANGERIN IS A NATURAL BARRIER TO HIV.

 

Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells.

 

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is primarily transmitted sexually.

 

Dendritic cells (DCs) in the subepithelium transmit HIV-1 to T cells through

the C-type lectin DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3- grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN).

However, the epithelial Langerhans cells (LCs) are

the first DC subset to encounter HIV-1.

It has generally been assumed that LCs mediate the transmission of HIV-1

to T cells through the C-type lectin Langerin, similarly to transmission by

DC-SIGN on dendritic cells (DCs).

Here we show that in stark contrast to DC-SIGN, Langerin prevents HIV-1 transmission by LCs.

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HIV-1 captured by Langerin was internalized into Birbeck granules and degraded.

[Note: The virus is destroyed by the cells of the inner-foreskin... The argument used by

the proponents of MGM, say the virus enters the body through here. Incorrect!!]

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Langerin inhibited LC infection and this mechanism kept LCs refractory

to HIV-1 transmission; inhibition of Langerin allowed LC infection and subsequent HIV-1 transmission.
Notably, LCs also inhibited T-cell infection by viral clearance through Langerin.

Thus Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 infection, and strategies to

combat infection must enhance, preserve or, at the very least, not interfere with Langerin expression and function.

The most common route for HIV-1 infection is through sexual transmission across genital mucosa.

There is a need for microbicides that prevent HIV-1 transmission.

 

1. Progress is hindered because early events in HIV-1 entry remain unclear.

Dendritic cell (DC) subsets in mucosal tissues are thought to transmit HIV-1
to T cells through C-type lectins.

 

2–5. In mucosal tissues, DC subsets can be distinguished by their expression

of C-type lectins 6: Langerhans cells (LCs) specifically express Langerin and DCs express DC-SIGN (Fig. 1a). 

LCs reside in the epidermis of the skin and in most mucosal epithelia,

such as the ectocervix, vagina and foreskin, whereas DC-SIGN + DCs reside
in the subepithelium.

6. Thus, LCs are the first DC subset to encounter HIV-1 (ref. 7)

(Supplementary Fig. 1 online).

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http://www.circumcisionandhiv.com/files/de_Witte_2007.pdf    

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ACTIVISTS CALL CIRCUMCISION MUTILATION.

ACTIVISTS CALL CIRCUMCISION MUTILATION.

No matter how you cut it, circumcision has become a controversial practice
Circumcision — surgical removal of the foreskin that covers the head
of the penis - is widely performed in the United States for health and
religious reasons.

Today, about 65 percent of newborn American boys have their foreskins snipped
in hospitals and religious ceremonies, down from nearly
90 percent a quarter century ago.

With mounting evidence that the practice may not be medically beneficial,
more doctors are speaking out against a practice they call “barbaric.”

This week, anti-circumcision activists are meeting at the Sixth
International Symposium on Genital Integrity in Sydney, Australia,
to discuss the ethical, social and psychological ramifications of this
and other forms of “sexual mutilation.”



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      http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=117566&page=1 

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HOW THE FORESKIN WORKS.

How the Foreskin Works.

 

This graphic animation shows a man's foreskin being retracted passively,

as for cleaning.

 

The action in erection and intercourse is similar (without the wrinkling).

http://www.circumstitions.com/Works.html

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ROYAL DUTCH MEDICAL SOCIETY ON CIRCUMCISION.

~Royal Dutch Medical Society~

·         There is no convincing evidence that circumcision is useful or necessary in terms of prevention or hygiene.
Partly in the light of the complications which can arise during or after circumcision, circumcision is not justifiable except on medical/therapeutic grounds. Insofar as there are medical benefits, such as a possibly reduced risk of HIV infection, it is reasonable to put off circumcision until the age at which such a risk is relevant and the boy himself can decide about the intervention, or can opt for any available alternatives.

·         Contrary to what is often thought, circumcision entails the risk of medical and psychological complications. The most common complications are bleeding, infections, meatus stenosis (narrowing of the urethra) and panic attacks.
Partial or complete penis amputations as a result of complications following circumcisions have also been reported, as have psychological problems as a result of the circumcision.

·         Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors is contrary to the rule that minors may only be exposed to medical treatments if illness or abnormalities are present, or if it can be convincingly demonstrated that the medical intervention is in the interest of the child, as in the case of vaccinations.

·         Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors conflicts with the child's right to autonomy and physical integrity.

·         The KNMG calls on (referring) doctors to explicitly inform parents/carers who are considering non-therapeutic circumcision for male minors of the risk of complications and the lack of convincing medical benefits.
The fact that this is a medically non-essential intervention with a real risk of complications makes the quality of this advice particularly important. The doctor must then record the informed consent in the medical file.

·         The KNMG respects the deep religious, symbolic and cultural feelings that surround the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision. The KNMG calls for a dialogue between doctors' organisations, experts and the religious groups concerned in order to put the issue of non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors on the agenda and ultimately restrict it as much as possible.

·         There are good reasons for a legal prohibition of non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors, as exists for female genital mutilation.
However, the KNMG fears that a legal prohibition would result in the intervention being performed by non-medically qualified individuals in circumstances in which the quality of the intervention could not be sufficiently guaranteed. This could lead to more serious complications than is currently the case.

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