Clitoral and penile similarities and differences.
The clitoris and penis are generally the same anatomical structure, although the distal portion or opening of the urethra is absent in the clitoris of humans and most other animals.
The first researcher to assert that men have clitorises was anatomist and sexologist Josephine Lowndes Sevely in 1987, theorizing that the male corpora cavernos (a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most
of the blood in the penis during penile erection) are the true counterpart
of the clitoris.
In contrast, science shows that the clitoris displays a hood that is the equivalent of the penis's foreskin, which covers the glans, and a shaft that is attached to the glans; the male corpora cavernosa are homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis (the female cavernosa); the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the labia minora, and the scrotum is homologous to the labia minora and labia majora.
Upon anatomical study, the penis can be described as a clitoris that has been mostly pulled out of the body and grafted on top of a significantly smaller piece of spongiosum containing the urethra.
Contrasting the human clitoris's estimated 8,000 nerve endings (for its glans or clitoral body as a whole), estimates for the number of nerve endings in the human penis (for its glans or body as a whole) are more varied.
Some sources estimate 4,000 for the human penis, while other sources state that the glans or the entire penile structure have the same amount of nerve endings as the clitoral glans, or discuss whether the uncircumcised penis has thousands more than the circumcised penis.
At the tip of the clitoral body, the glans of the clitoris rests as a fibrovascular cap.
Some scholars assert that in contrast to the glans of the penis, the glans of the clitoris lacks smooth muscle within its fibrovascular cap, and is thus differentiated from the erectile tissues of the clitoris and bulbs.
Additionally, bulb size varies and may be dependent on age and estrogenization.
Though the bulbs are considered the equivalent of the male spongiosum, they do not completely encircle the urethra.
Internally, the penis is composed of two kinds of tissue.
The thin corpus spongiosum runs along the underside of the shaft, enveloping the urethra, and expands at the end to form the glans.
It partially contributes to erection, which are primarily caused by the two corpora cavernosa that comprise the bulk of the shaft; like the female cavernosa, the male cavernosa soak up blood and become erect when
sexually excited.
The male corpora cavernosa taper off internally on reaching the spongiosum head.
With regard to the Y-shape of the cavernosa – crown, body, and legs – the body accounts for much more of the structure in men, and the legs are stubbier; typically, the cavernosa are longer and thicker in males than in females.
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