INFANT MALE CIRCUMCISION.

INFANT MALE CIRCUMCISION

IS NOT IN THE BEST INTERESTS

OF THE HEALTH & RIGHTS

OF THE CHILD.

Scope of the Problem...

Current national rates:

Australia 15%,

Canada 20%,

United States 60%.

In the U.S., over 1.25 million infants annually - more than 3,300 babies each day - one child every 26 seconds.

The surgery wastes more than $250 million health care dollars annually(4) as well as untold personnel hours.

Globally, 20% of male children will be subjected to some form of non-medically indicated genital mutilation.

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Link... http://www.eskimo.com/~gburlin/mgm/facts.html

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THE GEOGRAPHY OF GENITAL MUTILATIONS.

The Geography of Genital Mutilations.

Genital mutilations elicit severe pain and terror in infants and children
and are often very dangerous to health.

Genital mutilations are among the most strongly defended, or defended against, of all cultural practices.

 

This paper summarizes portions of a prior study of the geographical aspects of human behavior among subsistence-level aboriginal peoples. (DeMeo, 1986, 1988).

 

The focus here will specifically be on the phenomenon of male genital mutilations.

 

Genital mutilations are often classified as a "cultural practice", but there is growing evidence that this benign-sounding label merely serves to dismiss or evade the painful and contractive effects the mutilations have upon the psyche and soma of the child.

 

Genital mutilations elicit severe pain and terror in infants and children and are often very dangerous to health, which raises important questions how they could have gotten started in the first instance.

 

People who do not engage in such practices view them almost always with horror and disbelief, while people who do them often have difficulty imagining life without the practice.

 

Oftentimes, the presence or the absence of the rites are seen as important requirements for the selection of a marriageable partner, and very powerful emotions focus upon them.

 

Genital mutilations are among the most strongly defended, or defended against, of all cultural practices.

 

Among the various theories developed to account for the mutilations, their geographical distribution has only rarely been discussed. (DeMeo 1986).

 

 

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 http://www.noharmm.org/geography.htm 

 

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THE RITUAL of CIRCUMCISION.

The Ritual of Circumcision.

Westerners look askance at the ritual mutilations of the body performed in exotic tribes, but they justify their own ritual mutilations as medically appropriate. Europeans sneer at the Maasai custom of lengthening the ear lobes, but they have their own noses bobbed and their faces lifted. Americans are horrified at the Arunta practice of subincision (slitting the penis on the ventral side) or the Sudanese tradition of infibulation (excising much of the female genitals and sewing up the vagina), but they stand with few other modern nations in clinging to a ritual that is no less "barbaric" and no more "hygienic," routine circumcision.
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Link... http://www.noharmm.org/paige.htm
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MUTILATION....(DEFINED).

The wounding, maiming and disfiguring of the body

is a practice common among savages and

systematically pursued by many entire races.

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Mutilations of the sexual organs are more ethnically important than any.They have played a great part in human history, and still have much significance in many countries. Their antiquity is undoubtedly great, and nearly all originate with the idea of initiation into full sexual life. The most important, circumcision, has been transformed into a religious rite. Infibulation (Lat. fibula, a clasp), or the attaching a ring, clasp, or buckle to the sexual organs, in females through the labia majora, in males through the prepuce, was an operation to preserve chastity very commonly practised in antiquity. At Rome it was in use; Strabo says it was prevalent in Arabia and in Egypt, and it is still native to those regions (Lane, Modern Egyptians, i. 73; Arabic Lexicon, s.v. "hafada"). Niebuhr heard that it was practised on both shores of the Persian Gulf and at Bagdad (Description de l'Arabie, p. 70). It is common in Africa (see Sir H. H. Johnston, Kilimanjaro Expedition, 1886), but is there often replaced by an operation which consists in stitching the labia majora together when the girl is four or five years old. Castration is practised in the East to supply guards for harems, and was employed in Italy until the time of Pope Leo XIII. to provide "soprani" for the papal choir; it has also been voluntarily submitted to from religious motives (see Eunuch). The operation has, however, been resorted to for other purposes. Thus in Africa it is said to have been used as a means of annihilating conquered tribes. The Hottentots and Bushmen, too, have the curious custom of removing one testicle when a boy is eight or nine years old, in the belief that this partial emasculation renders the victim fleeter of foot for the chase. The most dreadful of these mutilations is that practised by certain Australian tribes on their boys. It consists of cutting open and leaving exposed the whole length of the urethral canal and thus rendering sexual intercourse impossible. According to some authorities it is hatred of the white man and dread of slavery which are the reasons of this racial suicide. Among the Dyaks and in many of the Melanesian islands curious modes of ornamentation of the organs (such as the kalang) prevail, which are in the nature of mutilations.
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Penal Use - Mutilation as a method of punishment was common in the criminal law of many ancient nations. In the earliest laws of England mutilation, maiming and dismemberment had a prominent place. "Men branded on the forehead, without hands, feet, or tongues, lived as examples of the danger which attended the commission of petty crimes and as a warning to all churls" (Pike's History of Crime in England, 1873). The Danes were more severe than the Saxons. Under their rules eyes were plucked out; noses, ears and upper lips cut off; scalps town away; and sometimes the whole body flayed alive. The earliest forest-laws of which there is record are those of Canute (io16). Under these, if a freedman offered violence to a keeper of the king's deer he was liable to lose freedom and property; if a serf, he lost his right hand, and on a second offence was to die. One who killed a deer was either to have his eyes put out or lose his life. Under the first two Norman kings mutilation was the punishment for poaching.
It was, however, not reserved for that, as during the reign of Henry I. some coiners were taken to Winchester, where their right hands were lopped off and they were castrated. Under the kings of the West Saxon dynasty the loss of hands had been a common penalty for coining (The Obsolete Punishments of Shropshire, by S. Meeson Morris). Morris quotes a case in John's reign at the Salop Assizes in 1203, where one Alice Crithecreche and others were accused of murdering an old woman at Lilleshall. Convicted of being accessory, Crithecreche was sentenced to death, but the penalty was altered to that of having her eyes plucked out. During the Tudor and Stuart periods mutilations were a common form of punishment extra-judicially inflicted by order of the privy council and the Star Chamber. There are said to be preserved at Playford Hall, Ipswich, instruments of Henry VIII.'s time for cutting off ears. This penalty appears to have been inflicted for not attending church. By an act of Henry VIII. (33 Hen. VIII. c. 12) the punishment for "striking in the king's court or house" was the loss of the right hand. For writing a tract on The Monstrous Regimen of Women a Nonconformist divine (Dr W. Stubbs) had his right hand lopped off. Among many eases of severe mutilations during Stuart times may be mentioned those of Prynne, Burton, Bastwick and Titus Oates.
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SEPARATED AT BIRTH.

..........SEPARATED AT BIRTH..........

EVERY 30 seconds a baby boy is circumcised. It is the most common surgery
performed in America. It is usually done without anesthesia, and often without
the consent of the parents.
“I never questioned it,” says Kyle Joseph, the father of a circumcised boy.
“The doctor took him away, performed the operation and brought him back.
That’s just the way it was done. I was circumcised; he was circumcised.
I don’t even remember signing a consent form.”
That’s typical, according to Craig Shoemaker, M.D., a North Dakota
pediatrician and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
task force on circumcision.

“Many doctors do not adequately counsel parents regarding circumcision --
what the risks are, what the potential benefits are, how much it costs."

Performing a circumcision without such counseling is inappropriate. Some
people would call it criminal assault.”
Most parents don’t know what circumcision really is, and yet 65 percent of them
still allow doctors to do the surgery.

America is the only country in the Western world that

routinely circumcises newborn boys.

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Link... http://noharmm.org/separated.htm
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EFFICACY OF MALE CIRCUMCISION.

There have been a number of exaggerated claims made for the

alleged efficacy of male circumcision in preventing female-to-male infection

with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

This statement examines those claims and puts them in proper perspective.

 

 http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html

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